Cyberspace

Imagined by the science fiction author William Gibson in his book Neuromancer (1983), the concept of "cyberspace" is now used to describe all digital infrastructures, technologies and services around the world, the main one: the Internet.

It also has a strong geopolitical dimension. For some states, cyberspace has become a space of confrontation in its own right for armies, like other spaces such as land, sea or air.

From a more technical point of view, "cyberspace" is often represented in the form of layers.

A "semantic" layer

All the information, content generated, stored, shared: photos, videos, emails, etc.

A "software" layer

Operating systems that allow users to access the functionality of a computer or phone, as well as all software such as mobile applications.

A "material" layer

Submarine and terrestrial cables, The Internet but also all connected equipment (servers, computers, phones, tablets, etc.).